A new plant-eating dinosaur species discovered in Japan has been named after gnomes for its small size.
The animal, measuring about 3ft in length and 10kg in weight, was an ancestor of the triceratops featured in the Jurassic Park movies, scientists said.
The fossil specimen, however, came from a young and still growing individual, implying that the adult dinosaur could have been larger.
The species has been christened Sasayamagnomus saegusai, the genus name meaning “a small humanoid spirit guarding hidden treasures under the ground of Sasayama” in eastern Japan.
S saegusai belongs to a group of herbivorous dinosaurs called ceratopsians, known for large horns and frills on their heads. It is the easternmost dinosaur of its kind found in Asia.
The tiny dinosaur seemingly lacked the recognisable features of its descendants like large horns and frills.
Some previous studies suggested this dinosaur group initially diversified in Asia and then spread to North America.
The specific timing and the mode of their dispersal across continents have been unclear.
The latest discovery, detailed in the journal Papers in Palaeontology, refines the timeline of the ceratopsian dispersal across land that now forms Asia and North America.
Scientists now believe the dinosaurs crossed continents during the late Aptian or early Albian period, around 110 million years ago. “Here we describe a new, early-branching neoceratopsian, Sasayamagnomus saegusai from the Albian Ohyamashimo Formation in southwestern Japan, representing the easternmost fossil record of ceratopsians in Asia,” they wrote.
The dinosaur likely lived in the region over 110 million years ago when the eastern part of Eurasia and North America were connected by the Bering land bridge.
The planet was undergoing extreme global warming during this period, creating vast forests even in the Arctic.
“Simultaneous occurrence of global warming, which enabled the development of extensive forests in the Arctic region, and emergence of the Bering land bridge probably played a crucial role in facilitating the immigration of neoceratopsians from Asia to North America,” scientists wrote.